【标题】Death of a Robot: Social Media Reactions and Language Usage when a Robot Stops Operating
【参考中译】机器人之死：机器人停止运作时的社交媒体反应和语言使用
【类型】 会议
【关键词】 Social media; Robots; Death; Social robots; Anthropomorphism
【参考中译】 社交媒体；机器人；死亡；社交机器人；拟人化
【作者】 Elizabeth J. Carter; Samantha Reig; Xiang Zhi Tan; Gierad Laput; Stephanie Rosenthal; Aaron Steinfeld
【摘要】 People take to social media to share their thoughts, joys, and sorrows. A recent popular trend has been to support and mourn people and pets that have died as well as other objects that have suffered catastrophic damage. As several popular robots have been discontinued, including the Opportunity Rover, Jibo, and Kuri, we are interested in how language used to mourn these robots compares to that to mourn people, animals, and other objects. We performed a study in which we asked participants to categorize deidentified Twitter reactions as referencing the death of a person, an animal, a robot, or another object. Most reactions were labeled as being about humans, which suggests that people use similar language to describe feelings for animate and inanimate entities. We used a natural language toolkit to analyze language from a larger set of tweets. A majority of tweets about Opportunity included second-person ("you") and gendered third-person pronouns (she/he versus it), but terms like "R.I.P" were reserved almost exclusively for humans and animals. Our findings suggest that people verbally mourn robots similarly to living things, but reserve some language for people.
【参考中译】 人们在社交媒体上分享他们的想法、喜悦和悲伤。最近的一种流行趋势是支持和哀悼死亡的人和宠物以及其他遭受灾难性破坏的物品。随着几个流行的机器人已经停产，包括机遇号罗孚、Jibo和Kuri，我们感兴趣的是，用来哀悼这些机器人的语言与用来哀悼人、动物和其他物体的语言是如何比较的。我们进行了一项研究，要求参与者将特定的Twitter反应归类为涉及人、动物、机器人或其他物体的死亡。大多数反应都被贴上了关于人类的标签，这表明人们用类似的语言来描述有生命和无生命的实体的感受。我们使用了一个自然语言工具包来分析大量推文中的语言。大多数关于机会的推文包括第二人称(“你”)和性别区分的第三人称代词(她/他对比它)，但像“R.I.P”这样的术语几乎只适用于人类和动物。我们的发现表明，人们对机器人的口头哀悼与对生物的哀悼相似，但为人类保留了一些语言。
【来源】 15th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI 2020)
【入库时间】 2022/2/24
【标题】Do Humans Imitate Robots? An Investigation of Strategic Social Learning in Human-Robot Interaction
【参考中译】人类会模仿机器人吗？人-机器人交互中的策略性社会学习研究
【关键词】 Imitation; Social learning; Human-Robot interaction; Strategy; Investment game
【参考中译】 模仿；社会学习；人机交互；策略；投资博弈
【作者】 Debora Zanatto; Massimiliano Patacchiola; Jeremy Goslin; Serge Thill; Angelo Cangelosi
【摘要】 Theories on social learning indicate that imitative choices are usually performed whenever copying the others' behaviour has no additional cost. Here, we extended such investigations of social learning to Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Participants played the Economic Investment Game with a robot banker while observing another robot player also investing in the robot banker. By manipulating the robot banker payoff, three conditions of unfairness were created: (1) unfair payoff for the participants, (2) unfair payoff for the robot player and (3) unfair payoff for both. Results showed that when the payoff was low for the participants and high for the robot player, participants invested more money in the robot banker than when both parties received a low return. Also, for this specific condition, participants' investments increased further with a more interactive robot player (defined as demonstrating increased attention, congruent movements and speech) This suggests that social and cognitive human competencies can be used and transposed to non-human agents. Further, imitation can potentially be extended to HRI, with interactivity likely having a key role in increasing this effect.
【参考中译】 关于社会学习的理论表明，当模仿他人的行为没有额外成本时，模仿选择通常会被执行。在这里，我们将这种关于社会学习的研究扩展到人-机器人交互(HRI)。参与者与一名机器人银行家玩经济投资游戏，同时观察另一名机器人玩家也在投资这名机器人银行家。通过操纵机器人银行家的收益，创造了三种不公平的条件：(1)参与者的不公平收益，(2)机器人玩家的不公平收益，(3)两者的不公平收益。结果表明，当参与者的回报较低，而机器人玩家的回报较高时，参与者在机器人银行家身上投入的资金比双方都获得较低回报时更多。此外，对于这一特定情况，参与者的投资随着更具互动性的机器人玩家(定义为展示更多的注意力、一致的动作和言语)而进一步增加。这表明，人类的社会和认知能力可以被利用并转移到非人类代理人身上。此外，模仿可以潜在地扩展到人权倡议，互动性可能在增加这一效果方面发挥关键作用。
【标题】Designing Social Cues for Collaborative Robots: The Role of Gaze and Breathing in Human-Robot Collaboration
【参考中译】为协作机器人设计社交线索：凝视和呼吸在人-机器人协作中的作用
【关键词】 Collaborative robots; Human-robot collaboration; Robot motion; Social cues; Animation principles; Character design
【参考中译】 协作机器人；人-机器人协作；机器人运动；社会线索；动画原理；角色设计
【作者】 Yunus Terzioglu; Bilge Mutlu; Erol Sahin
【摘要】 In this paper, we investigate how collaborative robots, or cobots, typically composed of a robotic arm and a gripper carrying out manipulation tasks alongside human coworkers, can be enhanced with HRI capabilities by applying ideas and principles from character animation. To this end, we modified the appearance and behaviors of a cobot, with minimal impact on its functionality and performance, and studied the extent to which these modifications improved its communication with and perceptions by human collaborators. Specifically, we aimed to improve the Appeal of the robot by manipulating its physical appearance, posture, and gaze, creating an animal-like character with a head-on-neck morphology; to utilize Arcs by generating smooth trajectories for the robot arm; and to increase the lifelikeness of the robot through Secondary Action by adding breathing motions to the robot. In two user studies, we investigated the effects of these cues on collaborator perceptions of the robot. Findings from our first study showed breathing to have a positive effect on most measures of robot perception and reveal nuanced interactions among the other factors. Data from our second study showed that, using gaze cues alone, a robot arm can improve metrics such as likeability and perceived sociability.
【参考中译】 在这篇文章中，我们研究了如何通过应用角色动画中的想法和原理来增强协作机器人或Cobot，这些机器人通常由一个机械臂和一个与人类同事一起执行操作任务的抓取器组成。为此，我们修改了Cobot的外观和行为，并在对其功能和性能影响最小的情况下，研究了这些修改在多大程度上改善了它与人类合作者的沟通和感知。具体地说，我们的目标是通过操纵机器人的物理外观、姿势和凝视来提高机器人的吸引力，创造一个具有头对脖子形态的动物角色；通过为机器人手臂生成平滑的轨迹来利用弧形；通过为机器人增加呼吸动作来增加机器人的二次动作，以增加机器人的生命力。在两项用户研究中，我们调查了这些线索对机器人合作者感知的影响。我们第一项研究的结果表明，呼吸对机器人感知的大多数指标都有积极的影响，并揭示了其他因素之间微妙的相互作用。我们第二项研究的数据显示，仅使用凝视线索，机械臂就可以改善亲和度和感知的社交能力等指标。